Rubeka
Consumer information about the prescription injection rubella virus vaccine live (Meruvax II) used to prevent German measles (rubella) in individuals age 12 months or older. Side effects, drug interactions, dosing, storage, and pregnancy and breastfeeding information is provided. Rudbeckias are easy-to-grow perennials featuring golden, daisylike flowers with black or purple centers, and include the popular black-eyed Susan. About black eyed susans Rudbeckia's bright, summer-blooming flowers give the best effect when planted in masses in a border or wildflower meadow.
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Black-eyed Susans (Rudbeckia hirta) is a native American wildflower that fills the garden with songbirds and butterflies as well as bright yellow or orange, daisy-like flowers. They produce an abundance of blooms throughout summer and in early fall. The plants grow to between 2 and 4 feet tall and form dense clumps. Grow them as perennials in U.S. Department of Agriculture zones 4 through 8 or as annuals anywhere.
Outdoors
Black-eyed Susans need a sunny location with well-drained soil. In areas with hot summers they will appreciate some afternoon shade. Sow the seeds about 2 weeks before the last expected frost, leaving them on top of the soil where they will be exposed to light. The seeds germinate in one to three weeks. Thin the seedlings to 2 to 3 feet apart when they are a few inches tall.
Indoors
Start the seeds indoors six to eight weeks before the last expected frost. Use individual pots filled with moist seed-starting medium, and leave the seeds on the surface of the soil exposed to light. Ideal temperatures for germination are between 70 and 75 degrees Fahrenheit. You'll get better results if you enclose the pots in a plastic bag to keep the humidity around the seeds high. Watch for emerging seedlings and remove the pots from the bag as soon as the seeds germinate. You can transplant the seedlings outdoors a week or two before the last expected frost date, spacing them 2 to 3 feet apart.
Self-Seeding
Black-eyed Susans self-seed if the flower centers are left on the stems after the petals fall. This is a great way to encourage the plants to fill in naturalized areas and wildflower meadows. If there is mulch in the area, pull it back so that the falling seeds land directly on the soil. If the soil is heavy or compacted, loosen it by scratching the surface with a cultivating tool, but take care not to injure the roots. You'll have to be careful about weeding until the seedlings are large enough to recognize. Keep only the largest, sturdiest seedlings.
Collecting Seeds
The seeds, called nutlets, develop on the center of the flower after the petals fall. A mature nutlet is about 1/8 inch long and charcoal gray in color. Most of the nutlets are mature about three or four weeks after flowering. Cut the stems and shake the seed heads over a tray to release the seeds. You'll lose a lot of them because the slightest movement can cause seeds to fall, but each seed head contains many seeds and there will be plenty for planting. Store them in a glass or plastic container with a tight fitting lid in the refrigerator until planting time.
References (2)
- Growing and Propagating Wild Flowers; Harry R. Phillips
- The Gardener's A-Z Guide to Growing Flowers from Seed to Bloom; Eileen Powell
Resources (1)
About the Author
Jackie Carroll has been a freelance writer since 1995. Her home-and-garden and nature articles have appeared in 'Birds & Blooms' and 'Alamance Today.' She holds a Bachelor of Science in medical technology from the University of North Carolina.
Photo Credits
- Hemera Technologies/AbleStock.com/Getty Images